Marketing mix strategy in developing country Essay

Marketing mix strategy in developing country - Essay Example Marketing mix strategy determinants can be identified in relation to the four dimensions of price, place, promotion and product. In this section, emphasis will be laid on factors or determinants that impose considerable influences on the success potentials of Vodafone’s marketing strategies when penetrating Afghanistan. While these strategies need to be linked with the market trends and the consumer buying behaviour, there are many factors those might impose considerable effects on organisational efficiency to persuade target customers and successfully accomplish their marketing goals. It is to be noted in this regard that marketing mix strategies developed by organisation (Smith & Taylor, 2004). When deciding upon strategies related to product in Afghanistan, customer needs shall play a major role as a key determinant to its success. As the effectiveness of products offered depend on its efficiency to suffice consumer needs, which again influences on the factors associated with consumer behaviour and correspondingly, to customer satisfaction and organisational success, it becomes crucial for any company to pay due attention to the same when penetrating a foreign country. It is worth mentioning in this context that each target market deciphers a considerable difference from other market segments in terms of their product needs, which makes it more crucial for Vodafone to understand the customer demands in Afghanistan irrespective of its experiences in the home country (Avlonitis & Gounaris, 1997). Notably, as Afghanistan is currently in a developing state, major development and change have been witnessed within the consumer needs in effect of globalisation. Subsequently, the younger generation and the industrial sectors within the country have been observed as getting highly influenced by the western culture, owing to which, Vodafone can

Information systems for management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information systems for management - Essay Example The report will conclude the contribution of Information Systems in an organization along with the importance of authentic data, as the information system is based on the quality and size of captured data that need to be processed. As mentioned in summary, report will demonstrate a role of an information system in an organization that will capture or collect the data related to students attending Friday classes. The group of students is specified as ‘surrogate users’. Consequently, the project sponsor of this group i.e. the tutor, constructed a data entry system that will collect information from surrogate users related to personal data, transport data and the data that is collected up to five weeks. Information system is defined as â€Å"data converted into something valuable and usable for certain user† (, DEFINITION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM). As for this project, a platform named as Joint Application Development (JAD) is constructed within the system consisting of members of the group. For making the process efficient, Tuchman’s model is the best option along with processing of three elements before performing i.e. storming, forming and norming. The project includes different roles of different JAD member within different stages of the project. The JAD members include users, Information technology professionals and consultants. The different roles at different stages of the project were helpful in terms of data capturing quality and authentication. Moreover, it also facilitated real world scenarios over and above the value. Data evaluation was conducted by collecting data from forms in order to use them to develop charts illustrating linkages between queries along with demographics and statistics of users of the system. Moreover, the charts and demographics also demonstrated patterns of human behavior on the system. Furthermore, continuous analyses were performed to examine the system for further improvements and suggestions. The name of the project will be titles as Transport System. Data Capture and Discussions If the data is not in an organized form, it will be difficult to retrieve information and knowledge from the data sources. In order to make the data useful, it must be easily accessible, quick retrievable and effectively manageable. In order to add these values to the data, it must be captures in a logical method. In figure 1, as shown in appendices, data capturing was processed through a personal detail form including attributes such as Full name, Gender and Date of birth. After entering the data, it was stored in the form of tables as Microsoft Access stores the data in the table and in a readable format, as shown in Figure 3 in appendices. After entering the data, daily student travel form was constructed, as shown in Figure 2 in appendices. On a weekly basis, the form was incorporated with travel modes, travel comments and travel modes. Quality The examination of data was based on its quality in ord er to portray real world scenarios to an extent. The system was efficient in demonstrating basic information related to the popular transport modes that were popular among specific genders. For instance, the tube was popular for males along with thirteen men using the tube. Although, tubes were most popular for females with twenty-two women using the tube. However, to adopt real world scenarios, detailed inputs were required. For instance, weather forecast information, travelling of someone from somewhere etc. As people were usually late to reach to destination for many different reasons, a data check box in the system indicating

Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Euthanasia - Essay Example This paper analyses, critically, the arguments for and against Euthanasia. In the conclusion, I have given a personal opinion on my view of Euthanasia. The following are the main pros and cons of Euthanasia. One of the main arguments advanced in support of Euthanasia is the argument that Euthanasia is a morally right action because human beings have a right to self-determination, and for that reason, they should be allowed to choose their own fate (ProCon.org, n.d.). The proponents of Euthanasia contend that since human beings have the right to self-determination, denying euthanasia to the terminally sick patients who need and request for it is immoral and a violation of their right to self-determination. In law the issue of self-determination in regard to Euthanasia is a controversial issue, especially in the United States. Various courts in the United States have interpreted this issue differently. The following case demonstrates how the issue of self-determination in the United States constitution is a controversial issue. Year 1975, the 21 year old Karen Ann Quinlan was admitted in a hospital in a comma. The doctors at the hospital later declared Quinlan to be in a persistent vegetative state. After spending five months on a ventilator, Quinlan’s parents requested that the ventilator be removed and that Quinlan be allowed to die peacefully. The doctors at the hospital, however, objected to Quinlan parents’ requests, and this made the parents to bring the matter to a New Jersey Superior Court. In the ruling, to the disappointment of Quinlan’s parents, the New Jersey Superior Court denied the request of Quinlan’s parents. When Quinlan’s parents, however, took the matter to the New Jersey Supreme court, the Supreme Court reversed the ruling of the Superior Court and ruled that Quinlan’s constitutional right to privacy included her right to be removed from the

Tonight I Can Write Essay Example for Free

Tonight I Can Write Essay The theme of distance is introduced in the opening line. When the speaker informs the reader, â€Å"Tonight I can write the saddest lines,† he suggests that he could not previously. We later learn that his overwhelming sorrow over a lost lover has prevented him from writing about their relationship and its demise. The speaker’s constant juxtaposition of past and present illustrate his inability to come to terms with his present isolated state. Neruda’s language here, as in the rest of the poem, is simple and to the point, suggesting the sincerity of the speaker’s emotions. The sense of distance is again addressed in the second and third lines as he notes the stars shivering â€Å"in the distance. † These lines also contain images of nature, which will become a central link to his memories and to his present state. The speaker contemplates the natural world, focusing on those aspects of it that remind him of his lost love and the cosmic nature of their relationship. He begins writing at night, a time when darkness will match his mood. The night sky filled with stars offers him no comfort since they â€Å"are blue and shiver. Their distance from him reinforces the fact that he is alone. However, he can appreciate the night wind that â€Å"sings† as his verses will, describing the woman he loved. Lines 5–10: Neruda repeats the first line in the fifth and follows it with a declaration of the speaker’s love for an unnamed woman. The staggered repetitions Neruda employs throughout the poem provide thematic unity. The speaker intr oduces the first detail of their relationship and points to a possible reason for its demise when he admits â€Å"sometimes she loved me too. He then reminisces about being with her in â€Å"nights like this one. † The juxtaposition of nights from the past with this night reveals Lines 11–14: In line eleven Neruda again repeats his opening line, which becomes a plaintive refrain. The repetition of that line shows how the speaker is struggling to maintain distance, to convince himself that enough time has passed for him to have the strength to think about his lost love. But these lines are â€Å"the saddest. † He cannot yet escape the pain of remembering. It becomes almost unbearable â€Å"to think that I do not have her. To feel that I have lost her. † His loneliness is reinforced by â€Å"the immense night, still more immense without her. † Yet the poetry that he creates helps replenish his soul, â€Å"like dew to the pasture. † Lines 15–18: In line fifteen the speaker refuses to analyze their relationship. What is important to him is that â€Å"the night is starry and she is not with me† as she used to be on similar starry nights. â€Å"This is all† that is now central to him. When the speaker hears someone singing in the distance and repeats â€Å"in the distance,† he reinforces the fact that he is alone. No one is singing to him. As a result, he admits â€Å"my soul is not satisfied. † Lines 19–26: In these lines the speaker expresses his longing to reunite with his love. His sight and his heart try to find her, but he notes, â€Å"she is not with me. † He again remembers that this night is so similar to the ones they shared together. Yet he understands that they â€Å"are no longer the same. † He declares that he no longer loves her, â€Å"that’s certain,† in an effort to relieve his pain, and admits he loved her greatly in the past. Again linking their relationship to nature, he explains that he had â€Å"tried to find the wind to touch her hearing† but failed. Now he must face the fact that â€Å"she will be another’s. † He remembers her â€Å"bright† body that he knows will be touched by another and her â€Å"infinite eyes† that will look upon a new lover. Lines 27–32: The speaker reiterates, â€Å"I no longer love her, that’s certain,† but immediately contradicts himself, uncovering his efforts at self deception when he admits, â€Å"but maybe I love her. With a worldweary tone of resignation, he concludes, â€Å"love is so short, forgetting is so long. † His poem has become a painful exercise in forgetting. In line twenty-nine he explains that because this night is so similar to the nights in his memory when he held her in his arms, he cannot forget. Thus he repeats, â€Å"my soul is not satisfied. † In the final two lines, however, the s peaker is determined to erase the memory of her and so ease his pain, insisting that his verses (this poem) will be â€Å"the last verses that I write for her. †

Rhenium Oxide (ReO3) and Highly Applied Pressure

Rhenium Oxide (ReO3) and Highly Applied Pressure Describe the symmetry characteristics of the ReO3 polymorphs and their relationship to applied pressure. Rhenium Oxide also known as ReO3 has been researched and looked into detail widely with the use of highly applied pressure. ReO3 is described as a non distorted structure at surrounding pressure levels. Accurate and precise measurements of the pressure-volume relationship crafted by Batloff showed that the transistion pressure was at a value of 5.0kbar and also presented that volume strain is related to (P-PC)2/3. Differences in volume strain was evidently great when comparing with other materials that went through the same process.The reason for this large difference was due to the buckling of the Re-O-Re bonds while ReO6 continued to be firm and strong. With the assumption that octahedral rotation is always as rigid units,stress on rotations that are small will be directly related to the square of the rotation angle, Ø that leads to Ø2. This in turn would allow the polymorph to transform into various phases. The curvature behaviour which was found by Razavi starts at low temp eratures with pressure level of 3kbar.M3 phonons being triply degenerate allows the surrounding temperature of ReO3 with a ambient pressure to have a Pm-3m symmetry. At this current stage it will undergo a transition to a structure that contains a Im-3 symmetry. When changed to a tetragonal form, it will be P4/mbm at 5.2kbar and cubic Im3 at 7.3kbar at increased levels of pressure. The Im3 structures were formed with the process known as condensation from one, two or three M3 phonons. With this transformation, the cubic structure will go through a rhombohedral phase with the symmetry structure of R-3c. The current R-3c will morph again to a rhombohedral phase. ReO6 being a octahedral undergoes a distortion at high pressure, giving a rotation angle of (P-PC) ÃŽ ² where ÃŽ ²=0.322(5) (ÃŽ ² describes the large critical region where the rotation angle is more than 14Â º) that is valid from pressure levels of 5.0 to 27.4kbar. Pressure measurements are mainly done to identify different h igh pressure formations of the ReO3 and the quantity of these formations. Particularly with the use of the time of flight Laue method, when the pressure formation reaches a value of 15 kbar, the structure deduced as a cubic Im3. Despite, the discovery there was a downturn which was the values tabulated was only at a single pressure point. Therefore the entire formation of the breakdown of the structured could not be figured out. Describe the metrical relationships between the polymorph unit cells and ReO6 octahedral tilting. Use the CIF files to create ATOMS drawings that support your analysis. The malformation of perovskite structures can be acquired with reference from the Pm3m structure by rotating the octahedral about the cubic axes. High tension and stress arrangements can be identified and elaborated with the aid of 23 various rotating arrangements that was discovered by Glazer. Respective symmetry groups for high stress transitions include the P4/mbm and Im3 where both groups are homogenous with the M3 phonon condensation. The element Re is fixed in the 8c position in the Im3 space group with only 2 thermal values whereas the oxygen atoms is found to be at the 24g position with 4 thermal values. With a increased in the loading added to the P4/mbm structure will create a deceasing strain that may deform the structure. P4/mbm being a 7 lattice point structure has a normal way of placing the positions of the elements found in ReO3. The Rhenium element is located in the 2b position while the oxygen atom would be fixated in the 4h and 2a position. In the presence of surro unding atmospheric pressure, the direct dependency of the oxygen atoms is fairly lower in the Im3 group than the one found in the Pm3m.In the Im3 unit cell for the ReO3, rotation was done around the coordinates of (111) for the eight sided compound. Evidently P4/mbm produces a nonzero seven sided pull that creates a positive and negative strain value. This rotation created the process of condensation that affected all three M3 phonons. Deformation in the eight sided ReO6 produces two different Re-O bond distances in the P4/mbm formation while there would only be a single Re-O bond found in the Im3 strucutres.Re-O bonds parallel with the c axis will remain in a pressed state when turned whereas Re-O bond that are normal to the c axis will not be in a pressed position but instead arranged in an order where there are gaps.However both formations include double O-O corners of the octahedron that is used to quantify any errors in ReO6.However the O-O distances found in the Im3 and P4/mbm are varied at a pressure value of 27.40kbar that leads to certain abnormalities but can be ignored as trivial. Explain the distortion of the ReO6 octahedra with pressure and quantify the ReO6 octahedral titlting. The deformation and the distortion of the ReO6 octahedron is usually found in the P4/mbm and Im3 structures. Starting with the P4/mbm, there are two symmetry Re-O bonds which are not equal in nature. With the process known as the powder neutron diffraction , the results obtained shows the in depth structural details of the transformation with the function of pressure and thus this confirms that at least 2 high pressure phases are present. When the ReO6 octahedra are rotated they are observed more with ease through the neutrons than the x rays. The method known as Rietveld method of the structural refinement with the high resolution powder data produces the single-crystal neutron diffraction study and this would allow the pressure dependence of the distortion to be measured with sufficient accuracy to state that the order parameter exponent ÃŽ ² where Ø is proportional to the (P-Pc) ÃŽ ² presents the pressure dependence of the rotation angle. This pressure based on the rotation ang le is illustrated well by the law of power in the formula Ø~(P-Pc) ÃŽ ².Ø against the pressure and the curve is plotted with this reference. The result from the exponent ÃŽ ² was obtained with the linear gradient of the slope of the lnØ against the ln(P-Pc) curve that produces the value of ÃŽ ²=0.322(5). Through the discrepancies Ø is always continuing with the stress value of 5 kbar despite the direction of the rotation axis that would vary from (100) to (111) during the change from P4/mbm to the Im3 phase (5.3kbar). With condensation of one, two or three M3 phonons would increase the phase transition from Pm3m to P4/mbm to I4/mm and lastly to the Im3 that have usually been seen in Nax WO3 during the M3 phonon condensation upon cooling. The parameter for the phase transition would be a three component order with the Ø as the magnitude of the rotation angle surrounding the direction of the rotation aixs. The transformation from Pm3m to any of the groups between the P4 /mbm, I4/mmm and Im3 would be the first order that would produce from the rotation around a axis. Abnormalities in the lattice during the transformation would have been seen in the Nax WO3.

Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay

Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay The founding of the American nation was largely dependent on the opinions of two groups of people based on their views and opinions regarding the constitution at the time. It was age whereby the citizens of America had just begun to recover from the effect of civil war and the constitution was a largely debated area as each group of people had interests in it. The two groups of people now referred to as federalists and anti-federalists wanted each of their concerns to be noted and certain parts of the constitution, which in their opinion was not fair, amended. Thus the two groups formed the basis of the two major political parties in the United States, The Republicans and The Democrats. This paper therefore shall compare the presidencies of two presidents, President elect Barrack Obama and his predecessor George W. Bush. It shall analyze their actions while in office, both economic and domestic, their effects and try to make comparisons with the views of the founding federalists and anti-federalists. Furthermore, it shall try to conclude which president fits into which mold; whether they are anti-federalists or federalists. George W. Bush ran for presidency in the year 2000 and termed himself a passionate conservative. With reference to foreign policy he heavily criticized the actions of Al Gore in sending U.S troops for peace-keeping missions that he deemed were not vital to national interest. However, at the same time he was pushing for more funding for the Pentagon and was seen calling for more action and tougher posture against  ¿Ã‚ ½rogue ¿Ã‚ ½ countries such as Iraq and North Korea. One of the goals in the bush presidency was to accelerate progress on deregulating industry and implementing tax reductions in an attempt to weaken the federal government thus strengthening the conservative agenda. The administration relied on executive authority to relax the workplace as well as the environmental regulations. Bush sought to weaken the fiscal, standing of the Treasury and to roll back those areas of the government that were most vulnerable politically. The effect of this was powerful as the tax cuts distributed government benefits to Americans, rich and wealthy, which constituted a core part of the Republican coalition. Bush reflected in his practices the policies used by former republican presidents, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. The policies involved placing politically motivated administrators with vested interests in important positions. These administrators were unsympathetic to the programs they managed and thus were ruthless when doing their work. An effect of this was a range of new advisory bodies developed around the presidency, many of which complemented the main cabinet departments, with the cabinet declining in influence. The National Security Council and the Office of Management and Budget are prime examples. The attacks on the World Trade Centre on September 11 2001 offered Bush an opportunity to establish his political credibility, to reassert presidential leadership and to defend the interests of the United States. Through the event of the United States bombing in 9/11, Bush pushed aggressively for the use of executive-centered national security programs. Such programs involved the expansion of interrogation techniques including torture, which broke the national precedent and ignored international laws on detainee treatment. After the 9/11 event Bush announced an all-out war on terrorism and ordered the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. As the United States entered recession in 2007, the bush administration through the enactment of several economic programs took a more direct control of the United States economy in an attempt to preserve the country ¿Ã‚ ½s financial system. These policies included among others implementing a 170 billion economic stimulus package which aimed at sending tax rebate checks to Americans and providing tax breaks for struggling businesses. However, the policies were ill-equipped to deal with the looming financial crisis in what is termed to be the longest recession after World War 2 in history. The Presidency of Barrack Obama Obama, within his first 100 days set up to gather up support for his economic stimulus package otherwise known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. He further put through Congress the expanded State Health Insurance program. Furthermore, his administration was able to put into law the Ledbetter law which requires equal pay for women in all sectors. The obama administration is also credited with legislating health care reforms. This was done through winning the approval of the congress on a budget resolution regarding the matter. In his campaign and since Obama has heavily criticized the bush administration for ignoring the situation there and focusing too much on Iraq. At the onset of his campaign, Obama promised to withdraw all United States troops from Iraq, within 16 months, though he has laxed on this view, his actions seem to be more anti-war and catious. Analysts have commented that Obama ¿Ã‚ ½s view on United States emphasis being on Afghanistan as a politically correct stand on the issue. Moreover, the Obama administration broke supported the United Nations declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity and relaxed the enforcement on marijuana laws. It also lifted the ban on embryonic stem research put in place since the Bush administration. Obama also ordered the closure of the Guatanamo bay detention camp in Cuba which was notorious for the infringement of human and detainee rights. Comparison of the two presidents with the federalists and anti-federalists views When comparing the presidencies of the Bush and Obama administrations against the federalists and anti-federalist views it is important to consider what these people based their views on. The Anti-federalists were of the opinion, at the time of founding, that Congress and the executive b ranch of the government wielded too much power. They were also of the opinion that vthe constitution gave too much national power at the expense of the state governments. Additionally they were displeased by the lack of a bill of human rights within the constitution. The federalists, on the other hand responded that the separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch was in fact representing a different aspect of the people and as all three were equal, there was fair say among all the branches and thus equity among the people. With this perspective in mind, we can now compare the two presidents. Former president Bush was largely conservative and this was evident through the socio-economic problems that his administration ¿Ã‚ ½s actions caused. Thus it can be seen that he would largely fit in with the anti-federalist group. Furthermore, his actions to weaken the federal government so as to strengthen the conservative side of the government wing show that he is more anti-federalist than a federalist. President Obama, however, would more fit in with the federalist group. His actions largely bordering on developing policies that benefit all Americans equally show a federalist nature. His call to strengthen the federal government and his actions of abandoning the Bush administration policies further reinforce this fact. Though it can be seen that through his action, President Obama is setting into the mold of a federalist it is still too young in his presidential term to conclude on the issue. Conclusion Though neither president exactly fits into the mould of either federalists or anti-federalists, it can be summarized that through their actions during their term of presidency, George. W. Bush was more of an anti-federalist and President elect Barrack Obama more of a federalist.

Good User Interface :: essays research papers

A Good User Interface Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s businesses use the internet to expand their customer base. However, there are several companies who will publish their site on the World Wide Web, before reviewing its user friendliness. And in doing so, they may be losing a customer, due to the poorly designed aspects of that web interface. So, what makes a website a good user interface? Which sites are examples of this, and which sites are not? In the following information, there will be descriptions, benefits, and examples of both types of interfaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of a user friendly site is the speed of loading the site. For some new surfers, a fast internet connection does not exist. Therefore, it is important to limit the graphics on a web site. Those sites that fill the home page with mostly graphics and images, may find their potential client dropping the page at 50%. An example of such a site is the following wedding photography site: http://www.mindysonshine.com/ Its home page contains mostly digital pictures which take a while to load, before the end user can view what the photographer has to offer. Obviously, a photographer ¡Ã‚ ¦s web site should contain images of their work. However, the requirement would have been better accomplished by limiting the digital images to a link off of the home page as opposed to the opening page. In doing so, a potential customer would be able to open the home page to learn what services are offered, package pricing, and the studio location, prior to becoming impatient, thus moving onto another photographers site.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A website with a well-designed layout is also important to users. It is their window to view what the company has to offer. If the website ¡Ã‚ ¦s layout and appearance is confusing and inefficient, most customers will simply go elsewhere. According to KarenHolman, Information Specialist for Outreach Communications and Technology,  ¡Ã‚ §A good web site puts the needs of its users first.  ¡Ã‚ § Her site lists the following recommendations for attaining this goal „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Know your audience: Who is the end user for the site? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Satisfy the users' basic questions: Is the information complete and up to date? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Content remains king: The content answers questions, has no spelling and punctuation errors, is dated and signed, and contains a contact. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Design: Loads quickly, presents information in first one or two pages, and limits special effects. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working links: Links are tested regularly to ensure they are working.